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Katherine Rushton

Katherine Rushton is chief reporter on Broadcast, and was formerly senior reporter at The Bookseller.

Making publishing pay

It is a truth universally acknowledged that the lower rungs of publishing are populated by young, middle-class, Oxbridge girls in want of a decent salary. Entry level positions at the big name publishers pay around £18,000, whilst those in the smaller houses offer in the early teens.

But even these positions are only available if you are willing to work for free: most companies demand that would-be recruits demonstrate their commitment to the industry by undertaking work experience, usually unpaid. And many publishers—especially the indies which run on particularly tight margins—rely on a steady stream of eager grads as an unpaid extra member of staff in the office.

The inevitable consequence of all this is that graduates without family either based in London or happy to subsidise them are all but barred from the industry. Interestingly, it also promotes a heavy bias towards young women - perhaps because more men attach their self-esteem to their pay cheque; because they feel the social pressure to build a career that will enable them to support a family; or, as one young woman at Hachette Livre puts it, "they are just less stupid"

Still, hoardes of educated and capable young graduates are willing to accept the pay on offer, so salary is dictated by good old-fashioned supply and demand. As one very senior publisher puts it, the industry is populated by privately educated Emmas, but these Emmas also do a very good job.

But the issue raised its head again at the most recent dinner of the Society of Bookmen. The Chatham House Rule prevents the naming of names, but senior publishers and agents expressed concern that low pay in publishing is compromising the diversity of the industry.

Most approached the issue as a moral one, but there is also a business case: Diversity in publishing is key to reaching a diversity of readers. If you want to grow your sales potential, you have to recruit outside the box.

All the big houses say they regularly benchmark against other publishers—but none of those I have spoken to so far will reveal their entry-level pay. Until publishers break rank and put their money where their mouth is and benchmark against industries outside publishing, diversity remains a far off dream.

Have your say below, or email katherine.rushton@bookseller.co.uk in confidence by Monday 12th November.

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By Paul

'all but barred from the industry' because of a low salary is a mite extreme, it is possible to live without family support in London on £18,000 or less - entry level wages in other sectors are not this high! Though a better starting salary would have been appreciated :)

08 Nov 07 16:44

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By Kristin

Having recently gone through the unpaid work experience and entry-level job-hunting, I have to agree with most of what you have said. I think, however, that your average entry-level pay is a bit optimistic (I would get excited to find a position for £17,000). I have to say I was often apalled at the entry-level salaries on offer - particularly by the 'big name publishers' in London - where it is probably the most expensive place to work whether you commute into the city or live there. The biggest difference between the big and small names, though, was the amount to which the department and candidate's experience/education could effect the salary - namely, that smaller publishers would be more flexible whereas I was told by more than one big publisher that their entry level salaries were 'across the board' regardless of education, experience or department. I think this is a strength of the smaller publishers and often allows them to maintain and even increase their diversity. Apparently the glory of working for X rather than y is supposed to make up the difference in salary - forgetting the fact that you can't afford to feed yourself let alone anyone else. X could certainly stand to learn a few tricks from y.

08 Nov 07 17:08

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By Emma Barnes

I'll take the fourth paragraph as a compliment!

08 Nov 07 21:00

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By xfmjunky

Pay, in general, is not a big deal. I would imagine that most graduates are spurred on by the promise of pay rises and occupational progess. This article is not wrong in its assertions about female graduates but also prods at the racial and class barriers in publishing? Mainstream publishing in Britain has long been riddled with social elitism dressed up in liberal artistic ideals.

09 Nov 07 10:15

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By Jen

When you are not earning enough to cover your monthly bills and have to spend every month stressing over bank charges, and wishing your family earned enough to give you an even bigger subsidy, pay IS a big deal. Surely, publishers who expect long hours and commitment should at least pay a living wage, despite the high supply of bright, young things? £18000 is a high salary in my experience. The current attitute simply perpetuates the elitism and nepotism that drives this industry. I agree with xfmjunky on this point. The first publishing house that tackles the issue of diversity and adds regional elements to their strategy will be rewarded...

09 Nov 07 11:47

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By xfmjunky

With all due respect to Jen, if I can explain myself, when I wrote 'generally' I did not mean to glaze over the fact that money problems are a universal malady for all students in the UK. Financial worries are the norm for many before they take up grad roles or entry level positions. I wanted to draw attention to specific oversights within the publishing industry. £18000 is a high starting salary and it is possible to live off of it ... but its a dream-start for graduates ... I've seen jobs as low as £11,500. If anything -- without trying to paint myself too bright a shade of red -- the issue of intra-family subsidy which Jen mentioned serves as one example of the inherent social selectiveness of most publishers.

09 Nov 07 12:12

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By katherine.rushton@bookseller.co.uk

Xfmjunky, I was interested in what you said about the promise of pay rises further down the line. One of the senior publishing people I spoke to also mentioned this, but from conversations with junior members of staff across publishing, it seems that the rate of increase is much slower than other creative industries - even journalism, which is also notorious for low pay.
I also had a very interesting comment from an acclaimed black author. He complained that although his books are very well reviewed, he is only ever placed in store with black authors or alphabetically because "all the publicity and marketing Emmas" are too narrow minded to see his commercial potential. The pay issue spurs social elitism among authors too, he argues:
"If you're a black writer you have to tick certain boxes if publishers or Emmas are going to push you. Oxbridge educated is a must (think of Zadie Smith, Monica Ali, Gautam Malkani). But for a black man like me who fought in the Brixton riots, went to prison, loves reggae music and didn't go on to further educaton, the Emmas of this world are not going to see the potential in me."

09 Nov 07 13:36

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By Richard Charkin

Emma, It was a compliment. R

09 Nov 07 15:14

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By hannah

Interesting, but we're not all Oxbridge Emma's - lots of us worked two jobs at a time in order to subsidise either no-pay or very low pay in our first publishing jobs, and most of the people I know who work in the lower levels of publishing now don't have supplementary incomes, they are just incredibly poor - as are the people I know who work in telly, fashion, and across the arts. What binds us together as distinct from young people in more lucrative industries is that we've accepted that if we want to work in an industry we're passionate about the trade off is not being able to earn vast, or often even reasonable salaries from the outset. Part of the harsh reality is that, certainly for small firms, margins really can be quite tight so it is difficult to be able to pay people as much as we'd like to. There's certainly an argument for our industry to be more flexible in the way they recruit new staff - people who are not able to afford to work full time for free should be given a chance to do so part time, for example. One of our most valued members of staff was recruited through the Diversity In Publishing Scheme run by the Arts Council, where we co-funded the cost of a year long internship (something we couldn't have justified without their input), and then were able to offer our intern a full time position at the end of this period. We've never recruited staff based on Oxbridge provenance - only on whether they have real enthusiasm and ambition, and are willing to accept that like all very competitive industries, you have to be willing to start as a footsoldier and keep the faith on the slow climb upwards.

09 Nov 07 16:52

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By xfmjunky

Ms. Rushton, as somebody at the foot-in-the-door (more like head-in-brick-wall) stage of a career in publishing I am mildly concerned by your reply to my comments. I would have hoped that opportunities for progression would be plentiful in a job sector that was seeing as much growth as publishing is in the past few years. Rather, I would imagine that the business-minded cannibalistic reactions to changes in the industry among more prominent publishers have stifled the prospects of hopefuls. Somewhat needless to point out that these changes -- the restrictions on investment in talent in all areas and the dash to swallow small rivals – resembles the changes in the music industry in the immediate post-MP3 era. As such, jobs in the publishing industry are going to be harder to come by and initiative from lively newer publishers with will be rewarded by freak and disparate success, or at least I hope that this latter may be the case. The matter of what you call black writers is a cursed one and it’s disheartening to hear of the comments you quoted. The generic issue of “Black Writing” is a cross-sector problem. There would be no “Black Writing” shelf in book shops if there were no “Black Writing” marketing initiatives by publishers. Granted – on the back of the recent Black History Month – such initiatives are still needed with respect to education in wider society and definitively amongst Britain’s youth. Unfortunately, racial tags remain barriers to the non-racial, viz. the white-English, target of the presumably non-Black book. In addition, blackness can easily be seen as a set of circumstances and not an issue of race. In which case those on non-White race in the publishing industry may well not be at all interested in representing a racial minority in anyway. I'm well aware that I offer no solutions but believe that neverthekess, in the adult world of the book industry – from Emma to consumer – the tag of “Black Writing” seems to have ceased to be an effective marketing tool and is becoming an albatross of political correctness and intimidating factor for ordinary book consumers. Equally, I feel inclined to object to the fundamental racial disjunction of applying the term ‘black writer’ to the likes of Zadie Smith (mixed-race surely), Monica Ali and Gautam Malkini (both British Asian, if anything), though of course these are the exceptions to the rule that you highlight. Nevertheless, my intention is not to split hairs but to invite what could be regarded as a common-sense development in public racial awareness.

11 Nov 07 11:32

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By Sridhar Balan

Publishing is an underpaid profession everywhere in the world including the developing countries. Publishers get away with this because they mouth the usual platitudes about it being a noble profession, you are dealing with books and the world of learning and so on. It's morally reprehensible to rely on the work of apprentices and trainees and not pay them. While learning on the job is essential and unpaid experience may lead to better career prospects, we must not forget that the long hours a trainee puts in would, in the ordinary course, command handsome wages if the work was to be done by a full-time employee, and we are not talking of the indies here. However, publishing is now under pressure to recruit from outside the box as there is pressure to yield high revenue. Now publishers find they have to pay comparative wages ( with other industries) if they have to recruit and retain the best staff. And I think this is not entirely a bad thing.

12 Nov 07 06:37

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By CauseToComplain?

The publishing industry loses a lot of promising young things (like me!), simply because we see all of our friends earning better wages in (often) more tedious jobs, and can't keep up with them because we're broke! Although this can be tolerated when you're fresh out of university, this is no fun at all when you hit your mid-twenties, and beyond. And to have a job in publishing in the UK, it is fairly essential that you are in London, one of the most expensive cities in Europe. We don't really have a choice of location, unlike many other professions. After a couple of years learning the ropes, there is also very limited scope to move on. Publishing generally - and especially on the agenting side where I reside - seems to have a very rigid structure that allows little space to grow and develop. There is a pretty huge gap (age-wise and job-wise) between myself and my fellow assistants, and the higher-ups, and this reinforces not only the status and generational differences, but also means it's unlikely that your boss really knows how expensive life is as a young twenty-something in London, trying to travel miles into work everyday because you can't afford a pad in Notting Hill like they can... !!! And we certainly don't have the privilege of lunching every day on company expenses either! I'll be the first to admit that the discouraging salary is difficult to overcome, and I die a little inside with each year's tiny pay rise, but it's all worth it when I see that book I've helped to publication picked for Richard & Judy, so I can boast to my mum (if I can afford to call her) that I read it at manuscript stage .

12 Nov 07 16:44

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By Robert D

I agree wholeheartedly with this article. Without wanting to boast, I was incredibly fortunate. I come from the outskirts of London, my parents paid my fees at Uni and didn't charge me rent when i studied for my publishing Masters (and thus i probably fit that 'Emma' template well)Now, my starting publishing wage is slightly below that stated and it is simply not enough for the incredible travel, rent and food costs of London. I was good with my money at Uni and I dread to think how difficult it would be to survive financially for someone at the same job if they hadn't been as fortunate as me. Yes 18 000 is a great wage for a first job in theory, but the rest of the country is on average 10% cheaper to live (at least) I have dozens of graduate friends who slumped out of Uni with 2:1's in so and so and who went into standard office jobs starting around 17/18000 salary.... They didn't have to do weeks of work experience, a specific Masters course. On top of this they're paying rents of £65 a week in places like Birmingham and Nottingham. Now tell me the lowest jobs in publishing are well paid in comparison. Diversifying behavior this is not.

12 Nov 07 20:49

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By Keirsten Clark

From a management point of view publishing is extremely underpaid - it seems to me throughout the varying levels. However - if we would like to do something about it - bearing in mind that I can spend two hours in a meeting quibbling over 1p margins - where will the money come from to improve the situation?

13 Nov 07 10:16

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By Emma NYC

I think it's a universal truth that the lower rungs of publishing everywhere are populated by young women in want of a decent salary. I work in publishing in New York and I just want to say that we feel your pain! Given that NYC, like London, is one of the most expensive cities in the world, many of us live in cramped apartments in the outer reaches of the city with multiple roommates and long commutes. A lot of people work two jobs (many of my colleagues baby sit) and I can't even imagine how people can begin to pay off their student loans. (I do know people who have turned down jobs in publishing simply because they didn't see how they could. Which means, of course, that the Oliver Twists will probably never work in publishing, leaving the industry to the Emmas.) As for myself, I went to town with my first bonus ... at the supermarket.

13 Nov 07 15:51

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By Imelda

this dialogue has been going on for 25 years and will continue as long as " hoardes of educated and capable young graduates are willing to accept the pay on offer, so salary is dictated by good old-fashioned supply and demand". However I find the comments about "Emmas" insulting and short-sighted. I came from a council house background, I didn't go to uni, I commuted from my parents house in Middlesex to my first job as a Junior Production Assistant and then lived in a grotty flatshare in Battersea - many many years later, I am still enjoying working in publishing even though I am probably earning less than some of my contemporaries . Nothing will change, do the job, moan about the salary but enjoy working in one of the most satisfying careers possible or shut up and do something else!

16 Nov 07 10:52

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By suzanne collier

I was going to delay announcing it until things were more firmed up at my end, but bookcareers.com will be doing a new salary survey in March 2008. Anyone interested in participating should send a blank email with the subject salary survey to enquiry@bookcareers.com and we'lll let you know when it goes online.

19 Nov 07 20:38

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By Alyson Hunter

If you do not have the proper diversity in the employees of a business (think of the Hedge Managers in the City) the business itself takes on the charactor of the employees-hi there unpaid privately educated emma.co.uk- that might be uncomfortable for us creatives of all sorts, to deal with as we struggle with writing

08 Dec 07 07:06

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By Jane

Frankly, I'm amazed. I'm a bookseller and after three years of work on £16,000. I live and work in London and guess what? I have no problem surviving without any parental help. I don't say that low salaries are ok but I think the claims that you cannot survive on £18K are slightly over the top.

15 Mar 08 14:06

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By Sarah

As a soon-to-graduate student and aspiring Emma this article seems to reiterate what I have been told again and again since I first expressed an interest in a career in publishing. What I am having trouble finding out however is how much I could expect the meagre starter-salary to rise too and how soon; I know progression is slow, but how slow? What could one expect to be earning at 30 or 35 for example if you got your first job at 22 and had an average rate of progression? It would be great if someone could help me out with these queries which I would like to think are realistic rather than materialistic. Thankyou.

27 Apr 08 15:05

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By Josephine Bacon

The whole culture of "work experience" where young people are expected to work without being paid is damaging and distorting the creative industries from books to films and other media. It also distorts the labour market but I see no way of stamping it out. One has to begin with the educators, who are so enthusiastic about it and explain how damaging it is.

13 Sep 08 09:42

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By Bunny Sylvester

An Oxbridge Emma myself, I survived my first few years in publishing living on baked beans before talking myself into the US (where salaries are more rewarding). Sales is the place to start out if you want to make some money, and the experience serves you well throughout your career. 10 years on, and a senior executive for a large global publishing company the pay (and bonus) certainly make it worth while. Sticking with it does pay off; and those Oxbridge chums of mine that went off to be investment bankers unfortunately aren't doing quite so well in these uncertain times.

25 Sep 08 23:49

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